Can breast cancer in men be found early?

The breast is made up mainly of lobules (glands that produce milk in women), ducts (tiny tubes responsible for transferring the milk from the lobules to the nipple), and stroma (a fatty connective tissue around the ducts and lobules, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels).
Until puberty (usually around 11 or 14), young boys and girls have a small amount of breast tissue consisting of a few ducts located under the nipple and areola (the darker area surrounding the nipple). At puberty, an increase of female hormones causes the ducts to grow and the amount of lobules to increase. In addition the amount of stroma increases, causing the breast to grow in volume in females. In boys, male hormones produced by the testicles, keep breast tissue from growing much. Men’s breast tissue does have ducts, but not many lobules.
Breast cancer is less common in men because their levels of female sex hormones are usually significantly lower than in women and as a result, their breasts do not grow and in addition, their duct cells are less developed than those of women.

Risk factors for breast cancer in men

It is not completely clear what causes breast cancer in men, but there are several factors that may increase the risk of getting it.

Aging

Aging is an important risk factor for breast cancer in men. The risk of breast cancer increases as men age. The average age for breast cancer in men is about 68 years old.

Inherited gene mutations

Mutations in certain genes, are highly linked to breast cancers in women and probably account for about 1 in10 breast cancers in men. In cases of mutations, there is usually a high incident of breast and/or ovarian cancer in the family too.

Family history of breast cancer

About 20% of men with breast cancer have close relatives with the disease (females or males). The risk for breast cancer in men is increased if other blood relatives have had breast cancer.

Klinefelter syndrome

This condition affects about 1 in 1,000 men. It is caused by an increase in the number of X chromosome in these men. (Normally men have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome). These men have two or more X chromosome in addition to their Y chromosome. The symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome include small testicles, lower levels of male hormones and higher levels of female hormones. In some cases these men are infertile because they are unable to produce functioning sperm cells. Compared with other men, they have lower levels of androgens (male hormones) and more estrogens (female hormones). These men often develop gynecomastia (benign male breast growth), which is like a hardened button-like growth under the nipple and areola, which can be felt and sometimes seen. The risk of breast cancer in men with this disorder seems to be increased.

Radiation exposure

Men who have been exposed to radiation on their chest area have a higher risk for developing breast cancer.

Liver disease

Men with severe liver disease such as cirrhosis have relatively low levels of male sex hormones and higher estrogen levels, hence, these men may have an elevated risk of breast cancer.

Alcohol

Heavy consumption of alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer in men. This may be because of its effects on the liver (see previous paragraph).

Estrogen treatment

Men consuming high doses of estrogens for purpose of sex change are at a higher risk for breast cancer in men. On the same note, men going through hormonal therapy for prostate cancer are also in a higher risk as this therapy uses estrogen-related drugs. However, this risk is small compared with the benefits of this treatment in slowing the growth of prostate cancer.

Obesity

Fat cells in the body convert male hormones into female hormones (estrogens). This means that obese men and women have higher levels of estrogens in their body. Recent studies have shown that obesity in adult life increases the risk of breast cancer in women. Obesity is probably a risk factor for breast cancer in men too.

Testicular conditions

Certain conditions that affect the testicles might increase the risk for breast cancer in men. These are: un-descended testicle, having mumps as an adult, or having one or both testicles surgically removed. However more research is still needed.

Certain occupations

There are some reports that link breast cancer in men to exposure to very high temperatures on a regular basis (for example, men working in steel mills). The assumption is that exposure to high temperature affects the testicles (see previous paragraph). Men heavily exposed to gasoline fumes may also have a higher risk.

Lowering the risk of breast cancer in men

Following the list above of risk factors for breast cancer in men, it is obvious that there are a few steps a man can take to lower the risk of breast cancer: restricting alcohol intake, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and keeping an ideal body weight. However, since the cause of most breast cancers is unknown, there is no known way to prevent them.
For now, the best strategies for reducing the number of deaths caused by breast cancer in men is early detection and prompt treatment. Unfortunately, early detection has been a problem in the male population, because men tend to ignore breast lumps and seek medical help too late, only when the lumps have gotten large. In general, men are diagnosed with cancers at more advanced stages than are women.

Can breast cancer in men be found early? To help with early detection, men should know the possible signs of breast cancer to watch for:
•    A lump or swelling, which is usually (but not always) painless
•    Skin dimpling or puckering
•    Nipple retraction (turning inward)
•    Redness or scaling of the nipple or breast skin
•    Discharge from the nipple
These changes are not necessarily caused by cancer. Still, if you notice any breast changes, you should see your health care professional as soon as possible.

Does sunscreen provide complete protection?

The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of a sunscreen formula states the effectiveness of this cream when applied at an even layer of 2 milligrams per square centimeter, for blocking the effect of UV sunrays that cause sunburns. The SPF level is defined by comparing the effect of exposure to the sun causing burns to a body area with the evaluated sunscreen compared to the burns to a non coated area. SPF 15 means that compared to a body area without sunscreen, the area with sunscreen will require 15 times more UV to be equally burned compared to the same area without sunscreen.
SPF is evaluated per 2 milligrams of sunscreen per square centimeter, unfortunately most people apply less sunscreen than needed. This causes the SPF value to be reduced dramatically hence the person thinks he/she is protected but in reality the effectiveness of the sunscreen is reduced. Thinking that you are protected when in reality you are not is very dangerous as you might linger in the sun for longer.
Another problem with sunscreens is the fact that many of them protect mostly against skin burning, caused by UV-B.  There are three types of UV rays emitted from the sun, the skin cancer foundation has a good explanation about UV classification on their web site. The different types of UV are: UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. Both UV-A and UV-B pass the ozone layer and reach the earth, most of the UV-C is absorbed by the ozone layer and does not reach us.
UV-A is the most dominant UV radiation reaching us from the sun. It is present throughout the year and during all day light hours. UV-A penetrates glass and clouds and has a deeper penetration depth into the skin than does UV-B. UV-A is a main inducer of skin ageing, wrinkles and skin cancer. It is the main contributor to tanning, it does so by inducing changes in the cell’s DNA, the skin darkens due to synthesis of melanin to protect the skin from further damage form the UV exposure. Tanning salons use mostly UV-A as the tanning source, the intensity in the salons can be 12 times higher than the natural UV-A levels from the sun.
UV-B penetration depth to the skin is superficial and it plays a major role in skin burning. As apposed to UV-A, UV-B is present in lower levels during different hours of the day, different seasons and various locations on earth and it does not penetrate glass. Similar to UV-A, UV-B contributes to skin cancer, and skin ageing.
Sunscreens were created originally to prevent skin burning and to block mainly UV-B. In recent years manufactures of sunscreens have added UV-A protection too, however the level of protection from UV-A is not included in the SPF classification. It is important to verify, when purchasing a sun block, if the formula claims to protect from UV-A and UV-B. If not specified it is probably UV-B protection only.
The problem with sunscreen is that people feel protected from the damaging rays of the sun while they really are not safe. Most people will assume that if they apply sunscreen on exposed areas, they can allow themselves to walk freely in the sun during the extreme UV hours (10AM-4PM). This is a very dangerous assumption as applying the sunscreen needs to be in the correct amount and the sunscreen needs to be of good protection values. In addition, no sunscreen provides complete protection and it is wise to always stay away from exposure during the extreme hours mentioned above.
Another misconception is that after about 4PM and in early morning hours (6AM-10AM) there is no need for sunscreen as the UV radiation is lower. Very wrong assumption! As mentioned above, UV-A is present most hours of the day, so be ware!
Most people are not aware that they need to apply sunscreen when driving or sitting in a car, or if sitting in front of a sunny window at home, the windows will not protect you, (unless they are coated with a UV protection film).
Below are the Prevention Guidelines of the Skin Cancer Foundation for wise protection from the sun:

“Prevention Guidelines
•    Seek the shade, especially between 10 AM and 4 PM.
•    Do not burn.
•    Avoid tanning and UV tanning booths.
•    Cover up with clothing, including a broad-brimmed hat and UV-blocking sunglasses.
•    Use a sunscreen with a SPF of 15 or higher every day.
•    Apply 1 ounce (2 tablespoons) of sunscreen to your entire body 30 minutes before going outside. Reapply every two hours, or immediately after swimming or excessive sweating.
•    Keep newborns out of the sun. Sunscreens should be used on babies over the age of six months.
•    Examine your skin head-to-toe every month.
•    See your physician every year for a professional skin exam.”

If your skin has been damaged by years of exposure to the sun’s damaging rays you might be happy to learn that you can help reduce the damage by treatments offered by various technologies. Sun spots (liver spots) can be removed by skin resurfacing technologies and photo-rejuvenation technologies. In addition, a RF technology exists, that targets reduction of wrinkles, collagen regeneration, skin tightening that improves skin texture and lessens the ill affects caused by UV radiation.  For example, TriPollar RF treatments, have been proven to effectivly reduce wrinkles and tighten the skin.  TriPollar based products are maufactured exclusively by Pollogen Ltd.    You do not have to wait till you are in your forties or later to begin treatments; the earlier you begin the better.
To finalize this write up, it would be nice if we adopted the fashion of un-tanned skin as our ancestors admired during the renaissance and earlier periods. Of course this should not include the discrimination against darker color skin that accompanied the earlier age admiration of non tanned skin.
And finally, if you do spend significant time in the sun, make sure to follow the guidelines mentioned above and minimize the damage to your skin.

I have been grey since my late thirties and have not had the urge to cover the grey. I believe you are as young as you feel or as old as you see yourself. To be honest, it has not been easy to withstand the pressure from society,  friends try to refer me to their favorite hairdresser or even better, say kind words like ”you look very young but you will look much younger if you dye your hair”. The hardest hit was when I came to pick up my son from kindergarten and heard the kids yelling “Your grandma is here to pick you up”!!!! But still I did not fall into the hair dying loop (once you start, it is hard to stop).

Ageing is a state of mind

Fortunately, grey hair has become accepted in some western countries. Images of graying models are accepted and are considered sexy and fashionable. It is not about the hair color, it is about how you carry your body, your skin complexion, what you wear and the energy levels you portray.

Ageing is a state of mind, rather than dyeing hair to conceal gray, I prefer dancing, going to rock concerts and staying young at heart. I think that if you feel younger when you dye your hair, than go ahead and do it, feeling younger makes you younger.

Declaring emancipation from hair dyes does not mean letting age take its toll and leaving all to nature. Personally, I use anti-ageing moisturizing creams every day and try to maintain a rigid exercise program to keep my body and spirit in high energy levels. I am fortunate to work in the aesthetic industry so I have accesses to variable technologies that target the ageing skin. I have found Radio Frequency (RF), particularly TriPollar RF face treatments to be to be very pleasant, relaxing and effective from the very first treatment. What I like about these treatments is the fact that the results are not so drastic so I do not look like I had a face lift. Don’t get me wrong, the results are noticeable, acquaintances that had not seen me for a while have all commented on my fresh looking skin and fine complexion. The wonderful thing about it is that it looks natural and is indeed a natural skin rejuvenation process triggered by the treatment; the skin creates new collagen during a few weeks causing the results to improve over time.

So, if you are in the early graying phase and have been pulling the gray out (ouch!), first, pulling them out will not induce growth of more gray than you pulled out so if you want to continue pulling, go ahead. However, you will have to pull out many more hairs as you progress in age, so let it be and learn to accept the random gray hairs and view it as exotic. Later when your hair is mostly silver it can help to adopt the positive attitude towards your hard earned silver crown and learn to enjoy the respect and beauty earned with silver hair. So, go wild – go gray and enjoy a youthful approach to life with a silver crown on your head.

With proper attention and treatment, ageing signs of the hands can be reduced

Most women and some men (metrosexual men…) apply facial creams, eye creams and other anti-ageing treatments to reduce the signs of ageing of the face and body. However, hands, that are also an important age indicator, are failed to be addressed by many. Hands are the most exposed body part to ageing elements like water, house-hold chemicals and the sun, major skin ageing inducers that can be dealt with through proper measures. When dealing with ageing of hands, the symptoms include: ageing spots, thinning of the skin, general thinning of hands and protruding veins. The skin in general, including skin of the hands, produces less collagen as we age hence causing thinning of the skin, thus causing the veins to protrude and the hands to look bonier.

With proper attention and treatment, ageing signs of the hands can be reduced and the hands can look a few years younger. For those of you still young with beautiful hands, make sure to take measures to postpone ageing of hands by applying sunscreen to your hands twice a day. It is also important to wear gloves when washing dishes or if handling house hold chemicals. This will protect your hands from dryness and from the harsh effects of cleaners, detergents etc’.

To help with dry skin, apply cream at night and wear cotton mittens over the cream to enhance absorption.
A few technologies and some invasive methods have been introduced to address the different aspects of ageing hands. Combination of technologies will enable a full spectrum of treatment, however it is important to understand these options in order to ensure the correct sequence of treatment protocol as one technology can interfere with the effectiveness of other technologies if performed in an inappropriate order, timing etc’.
Photorejuvination technologies ( IPL and fractional laser) are well established methods for skin rejuvenation. These methods can help with the reduction of age spots and general improvement of skin appearance of the hands due to induction of new collagen growth and removal of age spots. Healing from photo rejuvenation treatments can take a few weeks because the skin is purposefully damaged to cause superficial skin injury, that induces scabbing, peeling and healing.
Dermal fillers, which are normally deployed for facial wrinkles, can be used for the hands too (for example Restylane) in order to restore “plumpness” and improve the general appearance. If you decide to combine dermal fillers with photorejuvination technologies, it is important to undergo the photorejuvination treatment prior to the use of dermal fillers to ensure that you do not interfere with the dermal filler’s action. It is also important to allow the hands to completely heal before undergoing the next type of treatment.
For treatment of protruding veins on the hands, an invasive cosmetic surgery is available where the veins are removed (of course the doctor will asses the blood vessels on the hands to ensure that the surgery does not damage the blood supply). This surgery requires a long healing duration (a few months) and is usually performed on one hand at a time.
A non invasive safe technology for the improvement of hand appearance is TriPollar RF (Radio Frequency). TriPollar RF treatments can be performed during lunch break short  office visits with no down time and with no need for healing. These treatments induce formation of new collagen in the dermis, hence improving skin texture and resulting with smoother, younger looking hands. TriPollar RF treatments can be combined with photorejuvination treatments to enable removal of age spots along with improvements of skin texture. If combining these two technologies, make sure that the hands have completely healed after the photorejuvination treatments before starting the Tripollar treatment protocol.

Voss Andreae sculptures are inspired by his scientific knowledge

The exhibition “Bodies”, that has been circling the planet, takes the integration between science and art a step further and turns science into the art pieces.
However, art and science are further linked by art work that is inspired by biological and physiological structures. Julian Voss-Andreae is an artist that combines his scientific background with his creations. He studied physics at the universities of Berlin, Edinburgh and Vienna and focused on Quantum physics for his graduate research. Voss Andreae has created large sculptures that are inspired by his scientific knowledge. Among his sculptures is the installation Unraveling Collagen.  According to Voss Andreae: “Unraveling Collagen is based on the structure of collagen, the most abundant protein in humans. In this sculpture I placed the initial emphasis on the structural role collagen plays in our bodies. The triangular cut-outs reveal the dominant force lines, reminiscent of contemporary steel construction. Collagen is mostly known for its role in aging: It is responsible for skin elasticity, and its degradation leads to wrinkles that accompany aging. During the creation of the piece, I departed from the actual molecular structure and opened up the intertwining helices towards the top which connects the piece metaphorically with aging.”
It is quite fascinating and symbolic that Voss Andreae chose to create the unraveling collagen rather than “healthy young collagen”, it is the natural process of nature and is actually a truer symbol of life and time line of the living body rather than a perfect intact triple helix collagen fiber.
“Fighting” the aging process of the collagen is the target of technologies in the beauty and aesthetic industry. It is the desire of most ageing women and men too, to slow down the signs of ageing and to repair the damage already done; this is achieved by stimulation of new collagen growth and tightening of the existing collagen hence mending of the “unraveling” collagen.

Collagen is mostly known for its role in aging

Picture taken before cleaning the beach

I have selected to photograph very dirty beaches in my vicinity, clean them and then photograph them after they are clean.
The planet is ageing in a very ugly manner; a walk on the beach in some areas is a depressing adventure,  the footprint of our consumption is everywhere. I have actually found tooth brushes, facial cream tubes, moisturizers, combs, hairspray cans and much more, spread on the most amazing beaches. Most of these items did not land on the beautiful sand because of the beach goers; they actually ended up on the beach through the sea and through city gutters.
As consumers, it is our responsibility to dispose of garbage responsibly, we can also help by purchasing only things we need and when we do purchase, don’t necessarily choose the cheapest, it is important to purchase items that will last and will not end up in the landfill after one use.

I started my B&A project a few months ago. I apply sunscreen (SPF 30) over my favorite antiaging moisturizer to keep my middle eastern skin protected, I wear long sleeve shirts even on hot days and I try to operate early in the morning or late afternoon. While cleaning, I always meet people that join the “party”, some help clean and some will help carry the bags to the nearest garbage collecting zone.
I must admit that since I have started looking closer at the garbage at the beaches, I am careful about avoiding taking bags when I shop and am vigilant about recycling bottles, batteries, cans and what ever can be recycled.
Help the planet avoid “ageing”, join the antiageing treatment for the beaches and areas around you by joining cleaning groups and by disposing of garbage responsibly.
Below are some photos of some cleaning projects I executed.

After cleaning, the beach looks so appealing

I would recommend going for plain organic green tea

Green tea has been investigated and researched to determine its medical and health related benefits. It has been claimed to reduce the chance of certain cancer, heart disease, improve ratio of HDL/LDL cholesterol, increase bone density and much more. Many of the listed benefits attributed to green tea are of anti ageing nature, and are related to prevention of conditions typical to the ageing population. In the past decade, green tea has been associated with weight loss too.
Basically, there are two ways to control weight: reduction of food consumption (energy intake) or increasing energy expenditure (EE). Fat oxidation (fat metabolism) and thermogenesis (heat generation) in the body are under the control of the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) – the “fight or flight” branch of the nervous system. Just before any activity, the SNS is activated to produce the energy needed for the mission, this process includes activation of chain reactions that process glucose and fatty acids to release energy needed for the activity or for increasing body temperature. Triggering of the SNS involves neurotransmitters like norepinephrin which is released by the brain and by the SNS and triggers the chain reactions in the cells it attaches to. Since increasing metabolic rate and increasing temperature requires energy, it makes sense to try and target the SNS path for the sake of “burning energy” hence weight control.
Green tea is rich in Flavonoids, particularly tea catechins, which have been tested to have an inhibiting effect on the enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter and hormone mentioned above norepinephrin. In addition, Catechines increase insulin sensitivity, thus increasing glucose uptake within the skeletal muscles.
A study conducted at The University of Birmingham, UK, examined the effect of green tea extract on fat oxidation rate and on glucose tolerance during moderate intensity cycling in healthy men.
The study results exhibited a 17% increase in the oxidation rate of fat compared to the control group treated with placebo. The study also demonstrated an increase in Insulin sensitivity therefore, less insulin is needed to control glucose blood level, hence more glucose can be “processed” with less insulin (keeping glucose blood level lower with less insulin).
This means that consuming green tea will actually cause one to “burn” more fat while exercising and at rest.
This study is one of several that demonstrate the effectiveness of green tea for increasing the rate of fat metabolism. A different study demonstrated a 30% increase in metabolism rate during rest when green tea is consumed.
If you plan to “shape up” in a healthy manner, without starving yourself, and by increasing physical activity, it is a good idea to also add green tea to your diet. However, losing weight will not necessarily improve skin texture and appearance. It is a good idea to combine diet and lifestyle changes with existing technologies that target specific aesthetic issues, like cellulite, that cannot be improved by diet, green tea or exercise. Combining strong will with the help of existing technologies can also increase the incentive to diet as the results will be faster and better.
So, next time you need to choose a tea bag from a variety of existing beverages, select the green tea package and enjoy the healthy outcome. (I would recommend going for plain organic green tea, without flavors.)

There are two aspects of aging connected to the Marlboro man. First, the obvious connection, cigarette smoking and UV exposure, two characteristics that are the essence of the rugged Marlboro man, are proven wrinkle inducers and do accelerate aging.

The second less obvious connection is the introduction of a product associated with the female population to the large male population. Until recently, anti aging skin care products have mostly targeted the female population, the large male population is only now entering the huge anti aging skin care targeted population and the media has a major role in this transition too.

The Metrosexual man was “invented” in 1994 by the British journalist Mark Simpson. The term related to the young urban male of all sexual orientations (straight, gay and bisexual) who focuses on his appearance and “invests” in products for enhancing his looks, like skin care products, make-up, exfoliating treatments and fashionable clothes. David Beckham who was portrayed as the Metrosexual poster man, is a great example of the crossover between the image of the masculine straight male figure (sports man) and the well dressed, fashionable stylistic man.

So, just like the Marlboro man represented the introduction of the feminine Marlboro filter cigarette to the rough, rugged male, the Metrosexual man introduced the attitude of self indulgence in ones appearance and consumerism of products that in the past were associated with women only.

Skin aging is a process that affects both genders but until recently antiageing skin care treatments addressed mostly the female population. As part of the shift in the male image, thanks to the Metrosexual man, men can also address the aging symptoms; it is not a taboo for men to dye their graying hair and to undergo aesthetic procedures.

There is an increase of cosmetic products that specifically target aging skin in the male population. In addition, men have discovered spa treatments, 30% of spa goers are males.

Men’s skin is different than female skin, the dermis is thicker in males and it is richer in collagen and elastin, it is also oilier than female skin and therefore requires specific cleansers and skin toners.

Yes, male skin ages in a slower rate but men are prone to aging skin because they have been less careful about preserving it, hence, applying sun screen, and treating the skin with suitable cleansers and moisturizers. As the media boosts the image of the good looking, well preserved successful male, the skin care market is introducing specific anti aging cosmetics and anti aging skin treatments for the male consumer.

Some simple tips to help in preserving the male skin and slowing the skin aging process:

-          Avoid using regular soap for the face as it causes the skin to dry and produce more oil (hence increasing the oiliness of the skin)

-          Always apply sunscreen and avoid direct sunlight during the dangerous hours.

-          Use a good moisturizer.

-          Get lots of sleep and rest

-          Stop smoking (if you do) (revert from the Marlboro man to the Metrosexual man…)

-          Eat healthy food

-          Exercise

Aging men can also benefit from many antiaging skin care treatments offered through beauty salons, Dermatologists and aesthetic clinics. Some of these anti aging skin treatments include laser skin rejuvenation treatments, IPL for removal of age marks or Radio Frequency anti aging treatments to improve skin texture, wrinkles reduction, treatment of lax and sagging skin.

Radio Frequency treatments can also assist with decreasing the waist size of the “pot belly” or sagging tummy skin that develops with age in men too.

So next time you think about the Marlboro man, think about his opposite – the Metrosexual man. You do not have to be rugged and wrinkled to be a “real man”.

Even skin aging and wrinkles are associated with sugar consumption, so face it, there is no place for denial, any way you look at it…sugar is bad for you, too bad so many of us are  addicted to it…but how can one help the sugar addiction, when it adds that little sweetness and passion to life.

The cause of ill effects of sugar on the skin is the glycation process, in which the sugar in our blood attaches to protein molecules to form harmful new molecules called Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs). The more sugar consumed, the more AGEs are developed.

Many clinical studies have been performed on the effect of high level of AGEs on collagen. Studies have found that excessive AGEs will cause collagen in different areas to go through changes that eventually will cause the collagen to become brittle and in skin this will cause wrinkles and dry, dull, and sagging skin.

Not only this but excessive sugar is also associated with inhibition of Human Growth Hormone (HGH) activity, since HGH is associated with tissue repair and rejuvenation, obviously, this will affect the aging process too.

The good news is that it is not too late to turn back the clock. First, you can decrease the amount of sugar you consume (not only pure sugar but fruit and carbohydrates in general). In addition, it is possible to generate new collagen through stimulation of the fibroblast present in our dermis and hypodermis. Stimulation of Collagen skin regeneration can be induced via the TriPollar Radio Frequency technology. Tripollar treatments can also help reduce circumference. The apollo and regen are two TriPollar technology devices that induce secretion of liquefied fat from the fat cells in the hypodermis adipose layer, thus reducing their size and leading to a decrease in circumference along with added skin tightening. Unfortunately, treatment with these devices is not an alternative to exercise and diet if one is a sugar addict.

It is important to note that a sugar rich diet cannot be balanced by collagen regeneration or other anti-aging treatments as the accelerated aging caused by excessive sugar will cause damage to the new collagen generated too.

The bottom line is always a negative outcome to sugar consumption, even anti-aging treatments will not help the ill affects of sugar if we swallow the chocolate while we treat our skin for anti aging and wrinkled skin.